Graphic: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Vladimir_Putin%2C_Steven_Witkoff%2C_Yuri_Ushakov%2C_and_Kirill_Dmitriev.jpg; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On November 20th, U.S. officials presented Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky with a 28-point peace plan to end the Russo-Ukrainian War, which has recently been characterized by a protracted war of attrition with overlapping zones of territorial control and slow Russian territorial gains in the Donbas region. The American 28-point peace plan offers a framework that largely legitimizes Russian territorial gains, restricts Ukraine’s military capacity and NATO prospects, and ties security guarantees to fragile sanctions conditions, which Ukraine rejects. Europe’s counter-proposal rejects forced territorial concessions and NATO restrictions, offers stronger security guarantees, and calls for frozen Russian assets to fund Ukrainian reconstruction but lacks clear leverage to bring Russia to the table. Lasting peace will be contingent on Ukraine making territorial gains in the Donbas or the West intensifying sanctions enforcement to pressure Moscow.
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